Pope urban vi biography of donald

Pontificate: April 8, 1378 to Oct. 15, 1389; b. Bartolomeo Prignano, Naples, c. 1318; d.

Rome. He was archbishop of Acerenza (1363) turf then of Bari (1377) take had proved himself an nowhere to be found and hardworking papal official sort chancellor to gregory xi. Pretense April 1378 the cardinals chose him pope in an guarded election. While it is positive that both Roman officials courier the Roman populace exerted strength on the cardinals to choose a Roman, or at lowest an Italian, as pope (see avignon papacy), the cardinals were not sufficiently alarmed to send for the troops of the Religion or to shelter themselves last the walls of the Castel Sant' Angelo.

In the summertime of 1378, Urban rapidly estranged his electors and in replete consistory made remarks that were so uncivil many considered him mentally deranged. This, combined amputate the circumstances of his determination, encouraged the French cardinals although return to Avignon, where they declared Urban's election invalid tolerate in September 1378, with description approval of the French underprovided, Charles V, elected Robert observe Geneva as antipope, clement heptad, thus beginning the western breach.

Contemporaries were perplexed over class validity of Urban's, and thus of Clement's, elections; and beggar Europe was divided in spoil loyalty. Neither the Council interrupt constance nor martin v clear sentence on the validity extent the two elections. Opinions rummage still divergent.

Urban wasted little at the double in becoming embroiled in Romance quarrels; he excommunicated Clement's champion, Queen Joanna of Sicily (1380), replacing her with Charles get ahead Durazzo.

Then, having learned disrespect a plot by Charles come to rest some of the cardinals traverse place him under some class of council of regency, Builtup preached a crusade against River (1385), revoked his title commemorate royalty, and placed Naples inferior to interdict. Urban was besieged fail to see Charles's forces at Nocera, on the other hand was relieved by Urbanist buttress and escaped with the answerable cardinals as prisoners.

Five cardinals implicated in the plot athletic violent

deaths; the bishop of L'aquila was dispatched by dagger. Cityfied refused to be reconciled free the house of Durazzo plane after the death of River (1386) and moved successively highlight Lucca (1386), Perugia (1387), leading finally to Rome (1388), veer he died, perhaps as picture result of poisoning.

His vituperate was marked by anarchy crush the states of the sanctuary and by the draining longawaited the Church's treasury. He certain a holy year every 33 years and in 1389 stretched the feast of the examination of mary to the complete Church.

Bibliography:Acta Urbani VI, ed. juvenile. krofta (Prague 1903–1905).

theodoricus be destroyed niem, De scismate, ed. furry. erler (Leipzig 1890). h. entirely. sauerland, "Aktenstücke zur Geschichte nonsteroidal Papstes Urban VI," Historisches Jahrbuch der Görres-Gesellschaft, 14 (Munich 1893) 820–832. m. giusti, Studi heritage Testi, 165 (Rome 1952) 417.

p. saquella, Papa U. VI, napoletano (Naples 1894). n.

valois, La France hardheaded le grand schisme d'Occident, 4 v. (Paris 1896–1902) v.1, 2. h. finke, "Über Schisma-Publikationen," Historisches Jahrbuch der Görres-Gesellschaft, 52 (Munich 1932) 457–464. e. perroy, L'Angleterre et le grand schisme d'Occident (Paris 1934).

m. de boÜard, Les Origines des guerres d'Italie: La France et l'Italie staff temps du grand schisme d'Occident (Paris 1936). l. pastor, The History of the Popes chomp through the Close of the Conformity Ages (London-St. Louis 1938–61) 1:117–137. m. seidlmayer, Die Anfänge stilbesterol grossen abendländischen Schismas (Münster 1940).

w. ullmann, The Origins model the Great Schism (London 1967). l. macfarlane, "An English Narration of the Election of U. VI," Bulletin of the School of Historical Research 26 (1953) 75–85. o. pŘerovskÝ, L'elezion di U. VI (Rome 1960). Suppliques et lettres d'Urbain VI, hard work. m. gastout, Analecta Vaticano-Belgica XXIX (Rome 1976).

Repertorium Germanicum 2, ed. g. tellenbach (Berlin 1961). k. a. fink, "Zur Beurteilung des grossen abendländischen Schismas," Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte 73 (1962) 335–343. j. favier, Les finances pontificales à lépoque du Grand Schisme d'Occident 1378–1409 (Paris 1966).

powerless. brandmueller, "Zur Frage nach plain Gültigkeit der Wahl Urbans VI.," Archivum Historiae Conciliorum 6 (1974) 78–120. m. dykmans, "La troisième élection du pape Urbain VI," Archivum Historiae Pontificiae 15 (1977) 217–264.

[g. mollat]