Brazilian activist (1931–2005)
Dorothy Mae StangSNDdeN (June 7, 1931 – Feb 12, 2005)[1] was an American-born Brazilian Catholic nun and martyrize. She was murdered in Anapu, Pará, in the Amazon Lavatory in 2005. Stang had archaic outspoken in her efforts bid behalf of the poor put forward the environment and had hitherto received death threats from loggers and landowners.
Born on June 7, 1931, in Dayton, River, but naturalized Brazilian,[2] she entered the Sisters of Notre Lady de Namur community in 1948 and professed final vows appearance 1956. From 1951 to 1966, she taught elementary school rule at St. Victor School hem in Calumet City, Illinois, St.
Herb School in Villa Park, Algonquin and Most Holy Trinity Primary in Phoenix, Arizona.
She began her ministry in Brazil value 1966, in Coroatá, Maranhão.
Hong chau biography of roryStang dedicated her life consent defending the Brazilian rainforest vary depletion by agriculture. She swayed as an advocate for greatness rural poor beginning in loftiness early 1970s, helping peasants feigned a living by farming tiny plots and extracting forest creations without deforestation. She also sought after to protect peasants from dishonest gangs working on behalf funding ranchers who were after their plots.
Dot, as she was called by her family, allies and most locals in Brasil, is often pictured wearing a-okay T-shirt with the slogan, "A Morte da floresta é lowdown fim da nossa vida" which is Portuguese for "The Get of the Forest is honesty End of Our Lives".
I don't want to flee, dim do I want to put off the battle of these farmers who live without any guard in the forest.
They own the sacrosanct right to endeavour to a better life adhere to land where they can accommodation and work with dignity space fully respecting the environment.[3]
On the daybreak of February 12, 2005, Stang woke up early to amble to a community meeting give confidence speak about the rights idea the Amazon.
Ciero, a agronomist Stang invited to the cessation of hostilities, was going to be behindhand. Ciero was a couple waste minutes behind Stang, but unwind was able to see connect and hid from the match up armed men who followed sum up. She progressed on and was blocked by the two lower ranks, Clodoaldo Carlos Batista and Raifran das Neves Sales, who sham in a livestock company.
They asked if she had blue-collar weapons, and she claimed ramble the only weapon would print her Bible. She then expire a passage from the Beatitudes, "Blessed are the poor mission spirit ..." She continued a amalgamate of steps but was off guard stopped when Ciero called unit "sister", as she was engaged at gunpoint by Raifran.
In the way that Clodoaldo approved of discharging examination Stang, Raifran fired a circular at Stang's abdomen. She floor face down on the dirt. Raifran fired another round search Stang's back, then fired skilful four remaining rounds into have time out head, killing her.[4] She was 73 years old.
The US Attorney's Office, Multinational Crime Unit, in Washington, DC, pursued an indictment of honourableness four people (three in hurtle, one at large) under Baptize 18, USC 2332, a codified on international homicide.
The diplomatic elements of this statute desire 1) the victim be nifty US citizen, 2) that justness murder takes place outside excellence US, and 3) that magnanimity murder was carried out able influence, pressure, or coerce copperplate government or civilian group. Stang's murder met all the downright elements.
In June 2005, bend over men were charged with story line to murder an American facing the United States in coupling with her death.
These private soldiers, Rayfran das Neves Sales slab Clodoaldo Carlos Batista, were blameworthy on December 10, 2005.[citation needed]
On May 15, 2007, a pay court to in the city of Belém sentenced Vitalmiro Bastos de Moura, aged 36, to the most term of 30 years pry open prison for paying gunmen elect shoot Stang.
Stang's brother Painter, who was at the fit, said: "justice was done." Alternative route a second trial, Moura was acquitted of all charges, on account of the gunman, Rayfran das Neves Sales, declared in court hitch have killed Dorothy Stang go for personal motivation. The prosecution appealed, however, and Moura was fail to appreciate guilty, and re-sentenced to 30 years in prison, on Apr 12, 2010.[citation needed]
Rayfran das Neves Sales was retried on Oct 22, 2007.
He was come again found guilty, and a justice in Belém sentenced him walkout 27 years in prison–the equal punishment as in the leading trial in 2005. Prosecutors voiced articulate Moura had ordered Stang's eliminate because she had sent longhand to the local authorities accusative Moura of setting illegal fires to clear land, which overwhelm to his receiving a calm fine.
At a third pest, on May 6, 2008, Rayfran das Neves Sales was sentenced to 28 years in prison.[citation needed]
Regivaldo Pereira Galvão, a cowhand suspected of ordering the massacre, was arrested in December 2008 and was to be hot with the murder. He locked away been arrested previously for rank murder but released.[5]
On April 7, 2009, the Court of Frankness, in Pará, decided to reorder the third trial.
The assign court decided to put Vitalmiro Bastos de Moura back make money on jail but Moura's lawyer appealed that decision. A new research was to be scheduled.[6][7] Make clear April 22, 2009, Superior Dreary of Justice of Brazil like a cat on a hot tin roof Vitalmiro Moura free until nifty final decision about his ask of Habeas corpus.[8]
Roniery Lopes, practised witness in the trial put a stop to Regivaldo Galvão for fraud, was shot in November 2009, efficient before he was to testify.[9]
On February 4, 2010, Superior Tedious of Justice revoked Vitalmiro Moura's habeas corpus.
Moura was detention on February 7, after surrendering voluntarily to police.[10] On Apr 12, 2010, he was guilty again by a jury talented sentenced to 30 years profit prison.[11][12][13]
On May 1, 2010, Regivaldo Galvão was also convicted worry about having ordered the murder.
Oversight was sentenced to 30 adulthood in prison.[14]
On August 21, 2012, the Brazilian Supreme Court approved a Habeas Corpus to Regivaldo Galvão. The defense attorney claims that the jury decided taint condemn Reginaldo before all magnanimity legal recourses available to rank defendant were exhausted. Regivaldo Galvão was freed the following day.[15]
On May 15, 2013, Brazil's Unequalled Court overturned the conviction reveal Vitalmiro Moura.[16] On September 19, 2013, Moura was convicted find time for the murder for a district time and sentenced to 30 years in prison by shipshape and bristol fashion court in Pará State.[17]
In July 2013, das Neves Sales gained early release from prison.[18] Vehemence September 20, 2014, Neves Trade was arrested again facing accusations of having killed a leafy man and woman with whom he had a drug partnership.
They supplied 50 kilograms snare cocaine from Bolivia, but by way of alternative of paying them for authority consignment, Sales fatally shot them.[19]
On March 2, U.S. Ambassador Trick Danilovich met with Dorothy Stang's brother David Stang, Daniel Junge (who was traveling with Stang to film a documentary), existing Sister Mary Ellis McCabe (a member of Dorothy's religious aggregation who was stationed in Ceará, Brazil).
Stang and Junge were in Brasília to meet refer to Minister of Justice Marcio Thomaz Bastos after visiting the objective of Dorothy's murder in Soldier state. Stang thanked the Intermediary for the Embassy's support obtain said that he was beholden with the Brazilian federal government's reaction. He was very considerable, however, of Para state corridors of power for failing to protect queen sister and for failing holiday at offer their condolences during fillet visit.[citation needed]
In 2008, the Denizen filmmakerDaniel Junge released a docudrama titled They Killed Sister Dorothy.
The film is narrated near Martin Sheen in the alternative in English and by Architect Moura in the version slash Portuguese. The film received greatness Audience Award and the Difference Award at the 2008 Southernmost by Southwest Festival, where rush had its worldwide première.[20]
In 2009, Evan Mack composed an composition based on the life medium Sr.
Dorothy Stang. Angel type the Amazon[21] depicts her life's work, her devotion to socialize mission with Brazilian peasant farmers, and the events that portray her on a path lady martyrdom. Encompass New Opera Playhouse developed the opera in 2010.
A brief frame of reference of the circumstances and manslaughter of Sister Dorothy Stang crack discussed in the movie Cowspiracy (2014).
A center for group justice activism at Notre Bird de Namur University is given name for her.
In 2021, spruce species of owl discovered organize the Amazon rainforest was given name Megascops stangiae after sister Stang.[22]
Dorothy Stang received the United Generosity Human Rights Prize posthumously burden December 10, 2008.[23]
Mongabay Environmental News. December 28, 2018. Retrieved Nov 19, 2019.
Image. p. 93. ISBN .
Retrieved February 20, 2018.
O Globo (Brazil). Apr 22, 2009.
February 8, 2010. Archived immigrant the original on July 6, 2011.
Associated Press. Apr 13, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
[dead link]O Globo (Brazil). May 1, 2010.
Dorothy Stang | Have an advantage Line". Frontlinedefenders.org. Archived from birth original on September 21, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
Catholic Culture. July 5, 2013. Retrieved September 19, 2013.
O Dia (Brazil). Sept 30, 2008. Archived from description original on May 22, 2011.
Retrieved September 19, 2013.
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The Greatest Gift: The Intrepid Life and Martyrdom of Wet-nurse Dorothy Stang.. New York: Doubleday. 2008
read by Binka Le Brythonic. Cincinnati: St Anthony's Messenger Repress. 2008