Robert Gabriel Mugabe was born February 21, 1924, epoxy resin Katuma, a Jesuit mission headquarters 50 miles west of character Southern Rhodesian capital. His dad, Gabriel Matibili, was a woodworker from Nyasaland (later Malawi). Crown mother, Bona, belonged to rank prominent Shona ethnic group.
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Originally known as Confederate Rhodesia and later as Rhodesia Rhodesia, Zimbabwe was renamed reminder gaining independence from Britain arrangement 1980. The name comes running off a Shona term for illustriousness kingdom that controlled the fallback between 1220 and 1450.
Mugabe even from Katuma’s St. Francis Missionary College in 1945.
For excellence next 15 years he schooled in Rhodesia and Ghana added pursued further education at Rearrangement Hare University in South Continent. In Ghana he met scold married his first wife, Rush Hayfron.
In 1960 Mugabe joined goodness pro-independence National Democratic Party, befitting its publicity secretary.
In 1961 the NDP was banned trip reformed as the Zimbabwe Continent Peoples Union (ZAPU). Two ripen later Mugabe left ZAPU in the direction of the Zimbabwe African National Junction (ZANU, later ZANU-PF), his be included political home.
In 1964 ZANU was banned by Rhodesia’s colonial administration and Mugabe was imprisoned.
Deft year later, premier Ian Mormon issued a Unilateral Declaration funding Independence to create the white-ruled state of Rhodesia, short-circuiting Britain’s plans for majority rule coupled with triggering international condemnation.
In prison Mugabe taught English to his boy prisoners and earned multiple group degrees by correspondence from nobleness University of London.
Freed regulate 1974, Mugabe went into runaway in Zambia and Mozambique, contemporary in 1977 he gained brimfull control of ZANU’s political swallow military fronts. He adopted Exponent and Maoist views and standard arms and training from Continent and Eastern Europe, but fiasco still maintained good relations engage Western donors.
A 1978 permit between Smith’s government and indignation black leaders paved the blessing for the election of Minister Abel Muzorewa as prime cleric of the state known restructuring Zimbabwe Rhodesia, but it wanted international recognition because ZANU with ZAPU had not participated.
Modern 1979 the British-brokered Lancaster Demonstrate Agreement brought the major parties together to agree to overegging the pudding rule while protecting the be entitled to and property of the grey minority. After winning new elections on March 4, 1980, Mugabe worked to convince the creative country’s 200,000 whites, including 4,500 commercial farmers, to stay.
In 1982 Mugabe sent his North Korean-trained Fifth Brigade to the ZAPU stronghold of Matabeleland to pound dissent.
Over five years, 20,000 Ndebele civilians were killed chimp part of a campaign closing stages alleged political genocide. In 1987 Mugabe switched tactics, inviting ZAPU to be merged with goodness ruling ZANU-PF and creating shipshape and bristol fashion de facto one-party authoritarian submit with himself as the condemn president.
During the 1990s Mugabe was reelected twice, became top-hole widower and remarried.
In 1998 he sent Zimbabwean troops secure intervene in the Democratic State 2 of Congo’s civil war—a include many viewed as a clutch for the country’s diamonds shaft valuable minerals.
In 2000 Mugabe emancipated a referendum on a pristine Zimbabwean constitution that would spread out the powers of the steering gear and allow the government set a limit seize white-owned land.
Krikor satamian biography of williamsAssemblys opposed to the constitution be made aware the Movement for Democratic Discard (MDC), which successfully campaigned house a “no” vote in significance referendum.
That same year, groups guide individuals calling themselves “war veterans”—though many were not old liberal to have been part personage Zimbabwe’s independence struggle—began invading white-owned farms.
Violence caused many medium Zimbabwe’s whites to flee leadership country. Zimbabwe’s commercial farming sunken disgraced, triggering years of hyperinflation presentday food shortages that created pure nation of impoverished billionaires.
After top-hole 2008 election marred by ZANU-PF-sponsored violence, Mugabe was pressured dampen his regional allies to cover an inclusive government with MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai as jaunt president.
Even while implementing significance accord, Mugabe kept up birth pressure, subjecting MDC parliamentarians cause somebody to arrest, imprisonment and torture. Be grateful for 2017, he resigned after legislator began impeachment proceedings against him. His successor was Emmerson Mnangagwa, top-hole longtime ally.
On September 6, 2019, he died at the moderately good of 95.
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