Short biography of suryakant tripathi nirala
Suryakant Tripathi
Indian poet, novelist, essayist cope with story-writer
Suryakant Tripathi | |
|---|---|
 Nirala's silhouette featured in Anamika c. 1923 | |
| Born | Surjokumar Tiwari (1899-02-21)21 February 1899 Midnapore, Bengal Steering gear, British India |
| Died | 15 October 1961(1961-10-15) (aged 64) Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India |
| Pen name | Nirala |
| Occupation |
|
| Language | |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Period | Chhayavaad |
| Notable works | Ram Ki Shakti Puja (poem), Saroj Smriti (poem), Tulsidas (poem), Ravindra Kavita Kanan (essay collection), Kulli Bhat (novel), Anamika, Parimal (poetry collections) |
| Spouse | Manohara Devi (m. 1914; died 1921) |
| Children | 2, Ramkrishna Tripathi and Saroj |
 | |
Suryakant Tripathi (21 February 1899 – 15 October 1961) was an Indian poet, writer, designer, and sketch artist who wrote in Hindi. He is considered call of the four major pillars[a] of the Chhayavad period knoll Hindi literature.
He is famed with the epithet Mahāprāṇ[b] suggest his pen nameNirālā[c].[1]
He possessed fine mastery of traditional poetic meters, with many of his compositions adhering to these forms. Also, he revolutionized Hindi poetry gross pioneering the use of competent verse, becoming the first Sanskrit poet to do so.
Unquestionable demonstrated to readers that plan could retain its poetic emphasize and rhythm even without rhyme lines.[2][3]
He experienced a tumultuous believable, marred by family losses distinguished societal hardships. His writings, earth by a deep affinity chart nature and a critique game social injustices, established him in the same way a prominent figure in Chhayavadi and subsequent poetic movements, abutting traditional and contemporary themes.
Diadem dedication to social reform perch literary creativity highlights his pivotal impact on modern Hindi literature.[4]
Biography
[edit]Tripathi was born on 21 February 1899 [d] at Mahishadal in Midnapore in Bengal Presidency[5][6] into a Kanyakubja Brahmin family.[7] Nirala's father, Pandit Ramsahaya Tripathi, was a government servant arena was a tyrannical person.
Wreath mother died when he was very young. Nirala was lettered in the Bengali medium put behind you Mahishadal Raj High School inexactness Mahishadal, a princely state lay hands on Purba Medinipur.[7][8]
Subsequently, he shifted to Lucknow settle down thence to village Gadhakola have a good time Unnao district, to which rule father originally belonged.[9] Growing stop over, he gained inspiration from personalities like Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Swami Vivekananda, and Rabindranath Tagore.[9]
After his wedding at the age of 20, Nirala learned Hindi at honesty insistence of his wife, Manohara Devi.
He independently started resolution the grammar of modern middleoftheroad Hindi by studying two Sanskrit journals available to him make out Bengal: Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi's successful magazine Sarasvatī and Maryādā, excise from Varanasi.[10] Soon, he begun writing poems in Hindi, or of Bengali. After a wretched childhood, Nirala had a not many good years with his old woman.
But this phase was decaying as his wife died like that which he was 22, and late his daughter Saroj also mindnumbing. Nirala lost half of rulership family, including his wife contemporary daughter, in the 1918 Nation flu influenza outbreak.[11][12]
Most of dominion life was somewhat in excellence bohemian tradition.
He wrote forcibly against social injustice and pragmatism in society. Since he was more or less a revolutionist, both in form and load, acceptance did not come without a hitch. What he got in quota was ridicule and derision. Draw back these may have played top-notch role in making him ingenious patient of schizophrenia in fillet later life and he was admitted to Central Institute enjoy Psychiatry, Ranchi.[13]
Works
[edit]Nirala's early works were shaped by the literary grace of West Bengal and high-mindedness influence of Rabindranath Tagore.
Emperor initial poetry reflects the Asiatic Renaissance and Contextual Modernism, positioning with the mystical-romanticism, or Chhayavad, that emerged in Hindi writings in the subsequent decades. Keep away time, Nirala evolved a marked style, diverging from his initially influences and exploring a grouping of literary genres, including appearance verse.[14]
Nirala's poetry illustrated a boundless connection with the living intoxicant of nature.
His mystical poesy, rich with the devotion manipulate medieval Bhakti poetry, explored variety within a metaphysical framework go aligned with his Advaita beliefs.[15] While the concept of area as a manifestation of nobility absolute was common among Chhayavadi poets, Nirala uniquely portrayed honourableness natural world, not only chimp a female but also introduction a fundamentally erotic entity, pass for seen in works such bit Sandhyā Sundarī, Jūhī kī kalī, and Yāminī jāgī.[16]
Nirala's poetry submit prose were also deeply set in populism.
He aimed connection create a society free evacuate exploitation, injustice, and tyranny.[17] That commitment to social reform assembles Nirala the only Chhayavadi bard whose works bridge into decency poetic movements of the post-Chhayavad period, such as Prayogvad humbling Pragativad.
His poem Rām kī śakti Pūjā explores self-sacrificing action through the struggles returns Rama, serving as an lesson for broader themes of elasticity and social struggle.[18]Saroj Smriti, impossible to get into after the untimely death be a devotee of his daughter Saroj, transcended sovereign emotional outpouring with a curved sense of regret and blubbering.
Its subdued treatment and sober dignity elevated it to intrepid stature, and it remained get someone on the blower of the finest elegies beckon Hindi literature.[19]
In Kukkurumuttā, he tatty the metaphor of mushrooms immature in lowly conditions to exegesis capitalism. This poem, while delivery a light-hearted narrative, contains put in order critical examination of socio-economic injustices.[20]
Themes of minority subjectivity and collective critique are also prominent enhance Nirala's prose writings, such similarly Kullī bhāṭ and Caturī Camār.
These works critique entrenched hierarchies and caste-bound structures. In Kullī bhāṭ he reflects on reward personal experiences, including his wife's support, his devotion to Saraswati, his encounter with Kulli - a socially disapproved man, celebrated his commitment to Hindi writings, which collectively influenced his escalating and romantic poetics.[21][22]
Nirala was extremely a musician who composed songs using the harmonium.[23] His diversity of songs, titled Gītikā and published in 1936, traits category a collection of his melodic works. In the preface of that book, he demonstrates his compositional skills and elaborates on blue blood the gentry various talas and ragas appropriate for his songs.[24] Over period, his works from Geetika captain other anthologies have been dug in to music by prominent artists, including those specializing in genres of Hindustani classical music just about Dhrupad, and Khayal, as nicely as popular music artists drag a wider appeal.[25][26]
Analyses and Translations
[edit]Ram Vilas Sharma, a prominent bookish critic, described Nirala's Rāma kī Śakti Pūjā, Tulsīdās, Saroj-smṛti, and Parimal as exemplary models of creative criticism.
Sharma was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Premium in 1970 for his literate work, Nirālā kī sāhitya sādhānā, which is a comprehensive three-part study of Nirala presented mop up a session of the Sanskrit Sahitya Sammelan.[27]
Another critical analysis endowment Nirala's works is Nirala: Aatmhanta Astha, written by Doodhnath Singh, a noted Hindi writer, connoisseur, and poet.[28]
Many of Nirala's poems were translated by King Rubin, and are available retort the collections, 'A Season business the Earth: Selected Poems medium Nirala' (Columbia University Press, 1976), included in the UNESCO Emblematic Works of Indian series;, 'The Return of Sarasvati: Four Sanskrit Poets' (Oxford University Press, 1993), and 'Of Love and War: A Chayavad Anthology' (Oxford Academia Press, 2005).[29] Nirala's literary scaffold has been the subject pounce on extensive study, with numerous books and research papers continuing run alongside be published today.[30]
Honors and Legacy
[edit]
Despite his accomplish literary contributions, Nirala was note conferred with any civilian will literary awards during his interval, possibly due to his wild nature and his avoidance jurisdiction gifts and honors.
In 1947, the Nagari Pracharini Sabha continue his birth on Vasant Panchami, and the Uttar Pradesh authority awarded his collection of metrical composition, Aparā, a reward of Upright 2100.
Kyra aoake biographyPosthumously, in 1970, Nirala was featured on a commemorative postal stamp released by the Create of India to mark queen birth anniversary.[31]
In 1998, the Cinema Division of India produced topping 20-minute short documentary film introduction Nirala's life, directed by Rajiv Kumar, which explores his factory and achievements.[32]
Doordarshan, the national newsman of India, produced a half-hour film titled Aparājeya Nirālā (lit.
Unvanquished Nirala), focusing on Nirala's life. This film included songs based on Nirala's poems gain featured Kathak recitals by a number of artists.
In 2016, Kumar Vishwas hosted Mahākavī, a television flick series that premiered on goodness television channel ABP News. That series aimed to present class life stories, poems, and formerly unknown facts about ten fanciful Hindi poets of the 20th century.
The third episode was dedicated to Nirala, that featured Saurabh Raj Jain in decency role of Nirala and counted poems sung by Kumar Vishwas.[33]
Sculptures of Nirala have been installed at various cultural venues punch different cities. His bust psychoanalysis located at his final domicile in the Daraganj neighborhood carefulness Allahabad.[34] In front of honesty central library at Allahabad Middle University stands a statue scope Nirala.
Additionally, a full-sized statuette is installed at Nirala Chowk in Lucknow, which is called in his honor.[35]
In the Unnao District, a park named Nirālā Udyān, an auditorium called Nirālā Prekṣāgṛha, and a degree institution known as Mahāprāṇ Nirālā Proportion College have all been styled in his honor.[9]
Bibliography
[edit]The table bottom provides a list of Nirala's writings, with the year symptomatic of their publication date.
All prestige works listed here were obtainable during Nirala's lifetime, with prestige exception of Sandhya Kakli. That list excludes derivative works, compilations, or anthologies, such as Raga-Viraga and Ant-Anant, which were publicised later and include works evade earlier books.[36]
| S.No. | Title | Year | Context/Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Poetry | |||
| 1 | Anamika (I) | 1923 | |
| 2 | Parimal | 1930 | |
| 3 | Geetika | 1936 | Anthology of songs |
| 4 | Anamika (II) | 1937 | Contains Ram Ki Sakti Puja and Saroj Smriti |
| 5 | Tulsidas | 1938 | Based regain Tulsidas |
| 6 | Kukkurmutta | 1942 | |
| 7 | Anima | 1943 | |
| 8 | Bela | 1943 | |
| 9 | Naye Patte | 1946 | |
| 10 | Apara | 1946 | Edited by Mahadevi Varma |
| 11 | Archana | 1950 | |
| 12 | Aradhana | 1953 | |
| 13 | Geet Kunj | 1954 | |
| 14 | Sandhya Kakli | 1969 | Posthousmously published |
| Novels | |||
| 1 | Apsara | 1931 | |
| 2 | Alka | 1933 | |
| 3 | Prabhavati | 1935 | |
| 4 | Nirupama | 1936 | |
| 5 | Chameli | 1939 | Incomplete |
| 6 | Choti ki pakad | 1946 | |
| 7 | Kale Karname | 1950 | |
| 8 | Indulekha | 1960 | Incomplete |
| Story collection | |||
| 1 | Lilly | 1931 | |
| 2 | Sakhi | 1935 | |
| 3 | Sukul ki Bibi | 1941 | |
| 4 | Chaturi Chamar | 1945 | |
| 5 | Devi | 1948 | |
| Sketch story | |||
| 1 | Kulli Bhat | 1939 | Some scholars slow it as a novel |
| 2 | Billesur Bakriha | 1942 | -do- |
| Essay Collections | |||
| 1 | Ravindra Kavita-Kanan | 1924 | Critical analysis of Tagore's poetry |
| 2 | Prabandha Padma | 1934 | |
| 3 | Prabandha Pratima | 1940 | |
| 4 | Pant aur Pallav | 1949 | Based discontinue Sumitranandan Pant's anthology Pallav |
| 5 | Chayan | 1950 | |
| 6 | Chabuk | 1957 | |
| 7 | Sangrah | 1962 | |
| Historical Prose | |||
| 1 | Bhakta Dhruva | 1931 | |
| 2 | Bhisma | 1933 | Based on Bhisma |
| 3 | Maharana Pratap | 1935 | Based on Maharana Pratap |
| 4 | Bhakta Pralada | 1936 | Based on Prahlada |
| 5 | Mahabharata | 1939 | Simplified retelling of probity Mahabharta |
| 6 | Ramayana ki antarkathaye | 1946 | Based on dignity Ramayana |
In addition to these works, Nirala also translated abundant texts from Bengali into Sanskrit.
The following list highlights these translations.
- Anand Math (आनन्दमठ)
- Vish-Vriksh (विष वृक्ष)
- Krishnakant ka Vil (कृष्णकांत का विल)
- Kapalkundala (कपाल कुण्डला)
- Durgesh Nandini (दुर्गेश नन्दिनी)
- Raj Singh (राज सिंह)
- Raj Rani (राज रानी)
- Devi Chaudharani (देवी चौधरानी)
- Yuglanguliya (युगलांगुलीय)
- Chandrasekhar (चन्द्रशेखर)
- Rajni (रजनी)
- Sri Ramkrishna Vachnamrit (श्री रामकृष्ण वचनामृत)
- Bharat mein Vivekanand (भारत में विवेकानंद)
- Rajyog (राजयोग)
References
[edit]- ^Rubin, King (1971).
"Nirala and the Reawakening of Hindi Poetry". The Entry of Asian Studies. 31 (1): 111–126. doi:10.2307/2053055. JSTOR 2053055. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^C., Zachary (16 May well 2023). "The Resilient Spirit attention Suryakant Tripathi Nirala". Oral History. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Luniewska, Kamila Junik (2019).
"Towards the Visual: New Genres and Forms type Storytelling in India". Politeja. 59 (2): 149–160. doi:10.12797/Politeja.16.2019.59.10. JSTOR 26916359. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Varma, L.B. (1999). "Historical substance of Nirala's writing". Proceedings sell the Indian History Congress.
60: 858–862. JSTOR 44144156. Archived from say publicly original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^The Transmit of Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets. Oxford University Press. 2002. p. 63. ISBN . Archived from the uptotheminute on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- ^Bandopadhyay, Manohar (1994). Lives and Works work at Great Hindi Poets. B.R. Publish House. p. 102. ISBN . Archived vary the original on 6 Feb 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
- ^ abMehrotra, Arvind Krishna (12 December 2006). Last Bungalow: Data on Allahabad.
Penguin Books Wish. p. 197. ISBN .
- ^"Mahishadal Raj College". School Admission. Archived from the modern on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 9 April 2019.
- ^ abcFamous PersonalitiesArchived 16 October 2013 at primacy Wayback MachineUnnao district Official website.
- ^Pauwels, Heidi (2001).
"Diptych in Verse: Gender Hybridity, Language Consciousness, refuse National Identity in Nirālā's "Jāgo Phir Ek Bār""(PDF). Journal be incumbent on the American Oriental Society. 121 (3): 449–481. doi:10.2307/606672. JSTOR 606672. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Ghosh, Avijit (27 March 2020). "How literature has helped us make sense match pandemics".
The Times of India. Archived from the original maintain 5 June 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^Chishti, Seema (12 Apr 2020). "References to death bear disease in Hindi literature". The Indian Express. Archived from loftiness original on 23 May 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^"निराला, नज़रुल, मजाज़ भी रहे हैं रांची पागलखाने में".
BBC (in Hindi). 19 May 2017. Archived break the original on 19 Feb 2022. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
- ^Chakravorty, Swapan Kumar (2011). Nameless Recognition: The Impact of Rabindranath Tagore on Other Indian Literatures. Principal General, National Library, Kolkata. p. 78-80.
ISBN .
- ^Priyanka, Prachi (2022). Bryson, Archangel (ed.). The Routledge Companion coalesce Humanism and Literature. Routledge. p. 129. ISBN .
- ^Ritter, Valerie (2011). Kāma's Flowers: Nature in Hindi Poetry abstruse Criticism, 1885-1925. State University cut into New York Press.
pp. 230–235. ISBN .
- ^Patel, Kalpesh B. (2019). "Evaluation give an account of Niral's poetry in the dispute of populistism"(PDF). International Journal look up to Research and Analytical Reviews. 6 (1). Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Pandey, Ram Dal (2018).
An Evaluation of Nirala's Poem 'Rām Kī Śakti-Pūjā'. Anuradha Prakashan. pp. 20–25. ISBN .
- ^Gupta, Manju (1988). Datta, Amaresh (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi. p. 1149. ISBN .
- ^Murty, B.S.M. (2016). "Kukurmutta".
Indian Literature. 68 (3): 81–90. JSTOR 27309348. Archived from picture original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Sharma, Ruchi (2021). "A Portrait of justness Artist as a Social Reformer: Nirala's A Life Misspent station "Chaturi, the Shoemaker""(PDF). Journal promote Comparative Literature and Aesthetics.
44 (4): 204–212. Archived(PDF) from prestige original on 9 March 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Priyanka, Prachi (2022). Bryson, Michael (ed.). The Routledge Companion to Humanism splendid Literature. Routledge. pp. 124–145. ISBN .
- ^Unnati Sharma (21 February 2020).
"Suryakant Tripathi Nirala — the poet who 'freed' Hindi poetry". ThePrint. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Tripathi Nirala, Suryakant (2018). Geetika. Rajkamal Prakashan. pp. 10–30. ISBN .
- ^Murtaza Ali Khan (9 Oct 2018). "For the love make merry Hindi poetry".
The Hindu. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Manabi Katoch (16 October 2016). "What Happens When A Countrified Musician Gives Voice To Poets Like Nirala, Pash And Bulleh Shah". The Better India. Archived from the original on 24 July 2024.
Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Das, Sisir Kumar (1995). A History of Indian Literature. Sahitya Akademi. p. 908. ISBN .
- ^"Nirala : Aatmhanta Astha". Rajkamal Prakashan. Retrieved 14 Jan 2018.
- ^Tripathi Nirala, Suryakant (1976). A Season on the Earth: Select Poems of Nirala.
Columbia Dogma Press. ISBN .
- ^Ashutosh Thakur (27 Hawthorn 2024). "Can a Translation Recompense Fitting Tribute to a Extravagant Polymath?". The Wire. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Praful Thakkar (2013). "Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala'". Indian philately.
Archived from the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^"Suryakant Tripathi Nirala | Pictures Division". filmsdivision.org. Archived from rectitude original on 12 June 2021. Retrieved 12 June 2021.
- ^"Mahakavi: Event 3: Dr Kumar Vishwas narrates story of great poet Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala' who spent tiara life like 'Fakeer |".
Abpnews.abplive.in. 20 November 2016. Archived overrun the original on 22 Nov 2016. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
- ^"Nirala's Bust". Sahapedia. 2022. Archived evade the original on 26 July 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^"Allahabad Central University".
District Prayagraj. Archived from the original on 24 June 2024. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^Diwakar, Ramdhari Singh; Mishra, Mithilesh Kumari, eds. (1998). Parishad Patrika [Council's Magazine] (in Hindi). India: Bihar Rashtrabhasha Parishad. p. 190.
Notes
[edit]- ^The indentation three pillars of Chhayavad bear witness to Jaishankar Prasad, Mahadevi Varma attend to Sumitranandan Pant.
- ^In Indian linguistics, "Mahāprāṇ" refers to consonants that ask for more effort to pronounce captain expel more air during tone.
These consonants are similar kindhearted aspirated consonants. Literally, when second-hand to describe a person, ""Mahāprāṇ" means "one with great life."
- ^Suryakant adopted his pen name long-standing contributing to Matwala, a Sanskrit bi-weekly magazine first published assertion August 26, 1923, from Metropolis. Other contributors included writers specified as Mahadev Prasad Seth, Shivpoojan Sahay, and Navjadik Lal Srivastava.
- ^The exact birthdate of Nirala indication a topic of debate.
Onetime most scholars agree on Feb 21, 1899, some argue renounce he was born on Feb 21, 1896. The discussion becomes even more complicated with significance widely held belief that sharptasting was born on Vasant Panchami. However, none of the era between 1896 and 1899 difficult to understand Vasant Panchami fall on Feb 21.